Continuous Integration: Improving Software Quality and Reducing Risk (Paperback)
內容描述
Description
For any software developer who has spent days in “integration hell,”
cobbling together myriad software components, Continuous Integration:
Improving Software Quality and Reducing Risk illustrates how to
transform integration from a necessary evil into an everyday part of the
development process. The key, as the authors show, is to integrate regularly
and often using continuous integration (CI) practices and techniques.
The authors first examine the concept of CI and its practices from the
ground up and then move on to explore other effective processes performed by
CI systems, such as database integration, testing, inspection, deployment, and
feedback. Through more than forty CI-related practices using application
examples in different languages, readers learn that CI leads to more rapid
software development, produces deployable software at every step in the
development lifecycle, and reduces the time between defect introduction and
detection, saving time and lowering costs. With successful implementation of
CI, developers reduce risks and repetitive manual processes, and teams receive
better project visibility.
The book covers
How to make integration a “non-event” on your software development
projects
How to reduce the amount of repetitive processes you perform when
building your software
Practices and techniques for using CI effectively with your teams
Reducing the risks of late defect discovery, low-quality software, lack
of visibility, and lack of deployable software
Assessments of different CI servers and related tools on the
market
The book’s companion Web site, www.integratebutton.com, provides
updates and code examples.
Table of Contents
Foreword by Martin Fowler xiii
Foreword by Paul Julius xv
Preface xix
About the Authors xxxi
About the Contributors xxxiii
Part I: A Background on CI: Principles and Practices
1
Chapter 1: Getting Started 3
Build Software at Every Change 4
Features of CI 12
Summary 20
Questions 20
Chapter 2: Introducing Continuous Integration 23
A Day in the Life of CI 25
What Is the Value of CI? 29
What Prevents Teams from Using CI? 32
How Do I Get to Continuous Integration? 33
When and How Should a Project Implement CI? 35
The Evolution of Integration 36
How Does CI Complement Other Development Practices?
37
How Long Does CI Take to Set Up? 38
CI and You 39
Commit Code Frequently 39
Don't Commit Broken Code 41
Fix Broken Builds Immediately 41
Write Automated Developer Tests 41
All Tests and Inspections Must Pass 42
Run Private Builds 42
Avoid Getting Broken Code 43
Summary 44
Questions 44
Chapter 3: Reducing Risks Using CI 47
Risk: Lack of Deployable Software 49
Risk: Late Discovery of Defects 53
Risk: Lack of Project Visibility 55
Risk: Low-Quality Software 57
Summary 62
Questions 62
Chapter 4: Building Software at Every Change 65
Automate Builds 67
Perform Single Command Builds 69
Separate Build Scripts from Your IDE 73
Centralize Software Assets 74
Create a Consistent Directory Structure 75
Fail Builds Fast 76
Build for Any Environment 77
Build Types and Mechanisms 78
Use a Dedicated Integration Build Machine 81
Use a CI Server 85
Run Manual Integration Builds 86
Run Fast Builds 87
Stage Builds 92
How Will This Work for You? 96
Summary 101
Questions 102
Part II: Creating a Full-Featured CI System 105
Chapter 5: Continuous Database Integration 107
Automate Database Integration 110
Use a Local Database Sandbox 117
Use a Version Control Repository to Share Database Assets
119
Continuous Database Integration 121
Give Developers the Capability to Modify the Database
123
The Team Focuses Together on Fixing Broken Builds
124
Make the DBA Part of the Development Team 124
Database Integration and the Integrate Button 125
Summary 126
Questions 128
Chapter 6: Continuous Testing 129
Automate Unit Tests 132
Automate Component Tests 134
Automate System Tests 136
Automate Functional Tests 137
Categorize Developer Tests 138
Run Faster Tests First 141
Write Tests for Defects 143
Make Component Tests Repeatable 148
Limit Test Cases to One Assert 156
Summary 158
Questions 159
Chapter 7: Continuous Inspection 161
What Is the Difference between Inspection and Testing?
164
How Often Should You Run Inspectors? 165
Code Metrics: A History 166
Reduce Code Complexity 167
Perform Design Reviews Continuously 170
Maintain Organizational Standards with Code Audits
173
Reduce Duplicate Code 176
Assess Code Coverage 180
Evaluate Code Quality Continuously 182
Summary 185
Questions 186
Chapter 8: Continuous Deployment 189
Release Working Software Any Time, Any Place 191
Label a Repository's Assets 191
Produce a Clean Environment 194
Label Each Build 195
Run All Tests 196
Create Build Feedback Reports 196
Possess Capability to Roll Back Release 199
Summary 199
Questions 200
Chapter 9: Continuous Feedback 203
All the Right Stuff 205
Use Continuous Feedback Mechanisms 209
Summary 222
Questions 222
Epilogue: The Future of CI 223
Appendix A: CI Resources 227
Continuous Integration Web Sites/Articles 227
CI Tools/Product Resources 229
Build Scripting Resources 232
Version Control Resources 233
Database Resources 234
Testing Resources 236
Automated Inspection Resources 239
Deployment Resources 241
Feedback Resources 241
Documentation Resources 243
Appendix B: Evaluating CI Tools 245
Considerations When Evaluating Tools 247
Automated Build Tools 255
Build Scheduler Tools 263
Conclusion 272
Bibliography 273
Index 275
